![]() In this paper, we comprehensively review the experimental and clinical efficacy of TCM against hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocarcinoma, TCM syndromes in hepatocarcinoma patients and the effective mechanism of TCM in the treatment of hepatocarcinoma, to provide new insights into hepatocarcinoma management. Since these pathological factors are also seen in other diseases, contemporary TCM has developed the concept of cancerous toxicity (Ai-Du) to discriminate liver cancer from other common diseases, and underscore the application of anti-cancer therapy to improve overall therapeutic efficacy in hepatocarcinoma.ĭuring past decades, TCM has been extensively explored to prevent and treat hepatocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of hepatocarcinoma is related to weakened body defense or deficiency in liver and kidney, liver stagnation, dampness-heat, and blood stasis. Based on TCM pathogenesis, TCM syndrome patterns and different disease stage, TCM physicians employ different therapeutic methods, and prescribe multiple herbs for hepatocarcinoma treatment. TCM therapy is a syndrome differentiation based treatment. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life (QOL), palliate myelosuppression, improve immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time. TCM treatment mainly includes multiple herbal therapy and Chinese patent herbal drug therapy. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, chemoembolization, targeted therapy, and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. It is important to develop novel approaches for hepatocarcinoma prevention and treatment. Cancer recurrence is another obstacle to successful treatment, and there is a shortage of preventive means for recurrence. Treatments for unresectable disease, such as local ablative therapies, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and systemic therapy with sorafenib, are essentially palliative. Due to latent onset and rapid progression, only a minority of patients with early-stage disease are suitable for potentially curative therapy, i.e., surgical resection or liver transplantation. The incidence of hepatocarcinoma is increasing by cause of hepatitis virus infection and other factors. Hepatocarcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy and the third principal cause of cancer deaths worldwide. ![]() Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma. ![]() The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes (Zheng).
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